321 Stainless Steel
1.4541Titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel. Similar to 304 but with Ti addition to prevent carbide precipitation during welding and high-temperature service (up to 800°C). Used for aircraft exhaust manifolds, boiler casings, jet engine parts, and chemical processing.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 | AISI | USA | AISI 321 | S32100 | REF |
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 1.4541 | 100% |
| 🇯🇵 | JIS | Japan | SUS321 | — | 99% |
| 🇨🇳 | GB | China | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | — | 93% |
Sources: ASTM A240, EN 10088-2, JIS G4303, GB/T 1220
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: 321 Stainless Steel (EN) (EN 10088-2) vs SUS321 (JIS)
| Element | 321 Stainless Steel (EN) | SUS321 (JIS) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0–0.08% | — | — |
| Si | 0–1% | — | — |
| Mn | 0–2% | — | — |
| P | 0–0.045% | — | — |
| S | 0–0.015% | — | — |
| Cr | 17–19% | — | — |
| Ni | 9–12% | — | — |
| Ti | 0–0.7% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Solution Treated
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 500–700 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 200 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 40 | % |
| Hardness HB | ≤ 215 | HB |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 200 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 7.9 | g/cm3 |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| solution_treating | 1000–1100 °C | water | Rapid cooling required | Stabilization anneal at 870-900°C possible after solution treatment |
Compatibility verdict
321 Stainless Steel and SUS321: 99% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
304 Stainless Steel
1.4301The most widely used austenitic stainless steel. Excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability. Standard choice for food processing, chemical, and architectural applications.
316L
1.4404Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel with molybdenum addition. Superior corrosion resistance to 304, especially against chlorides and pitting. Standard choice for chemical processing, marine, medical implants, and pharmaceutical equipment.
430 Stainless Steel
1.4016Ferritic chromium stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and formability. Lower cost than austenitic grades. Used for automotive trim, kitchen sinks, architectural panels, and appliance components.
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