33CrMoV12-9
1.8522Premium nitriding steel with high chromium content (2.8–3.3%) providing exceptional surface hardness after gas or plasma nitriding (up to 900 HV). Excellent core strength (900–1100 MPa tensile) with good toughness. Used for gears, crankshafts, cylinders, spindles, and precision machine components in aerospace, automotive, and power generation. Also known as 32CDV13 (AFNOR) and AMS 6481.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇫🇷 | AFNOR | France | 32CDV13 | — | REF |
| 🇺🇸 | UNS | USA | K24340 | — | 95% |
| 🇺🇸 | AMS | USA | AMS 6481 | — | 95% |
Sources: NF EN 10085, ASTM cross-ref, AMS spec
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: 33CrMoV12-9 (EN) (EN 10085:2001) vs K24340 (UNS)
| Element | 33CrMoV12-9 (EN) | K24340 (UNS) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.29–0.36% | — | — |
| Si | ≤ 0.4% | — | — |
| Mn | 0.4–0.7% | — | — |
| P | ≤ 0.025% | — | — |
| S | ≤ 0.035% | — | — |
| Cr | 2.8–3.3% | — | — |
| Mo | 0.7–1% | — | — |
| V | 0.15–0.25% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
QT
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 900–1100 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 700 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 13 | % |
| impact_kv | ≥ 45 | J |
| Hardness HB | 270–330 | HB |
| Density | ≥ 7.85 | g/cm3 |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 210 | GPa |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| quenching | 870–970 °C | oil | — | — |
| tempering | 580–700 °C | air | — | — |
| annealing | 680–720 °C | furnace | — | Soft annealing |
| nitriding | 480–570 °C | furnace | — | Gas or plasma nitriding, surface hardness up to 900 HV |
Compatibility verdict
33CrMoV12-9 and K24340: 95% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
S235J2W
1.8961Entry-level structural weathering steel with minimum yield strength 235 MPa and impact testing at -20°C (J2 designation). Improved low-temperature toughness compared to S235J0W. Used for outdoor structural applications in colder climates where basic strength with atmospheric corrosion resistance is sufficient.
EN-GJS-500-7
5.3200Ferritic-pearlitic ductile cast iron with minimum tensile strength 500 MPa and minimum elongation 7%. The balanced grade offering significantly higher strength than EN-GJS-400-15 while retaining reasonable ductility. Mixed ferrite-pearlite matrix (typically 40-50% pearlite). Used for crankshafts, connecting rods, suspension components, gear housings, heavy-duty pipe fittings, and medium-stress structural castings. Equivalent to DIN GGG50, JIS FCD500.
EN-GJS-600-3
5.3201Mainly pearlitic ductile cast iron with minimum tensile strength 600 MPa and minimum elongation 3%. High-strength grade achieved through predominantly pearlitic matrix, often with Cu or Sn additions as pearlite stabilizers. Used for camshafts, gears, high-stress housings, heavy-duty hydraulic components, press frames, and load-bearing structural castings where high strength is more important than ductility. Equivalent to DIN GGG60, JIS FCD600.
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