ASTM A36
K02600The most common structural carbon steel in the US. Low carbon content with good weldability and machinability. Used for buildings, bridges, construction equipment, and general structural purposes. Minimum yield strength 36 ksi (250 MPa).
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | S275JR | 1.0044 | REF |
| 🇺🇸 | ASTM | USA | ASTM A36 | K02600 | 100% |
| 🇯🇵 | JIS | Japan | SS400 | — | 88% |
| 🇪🇺 | DIN | Europe | St44-2 (old) | — | 88% |
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | S235JR | 1.0038 | 85% |
| 🇨🇳 | GB | China | Q235B | — | 85% |
Sources: EN 10025-2, ASTM A36/A36M-19, JIS G3101, DIN 17100, GB/T 700
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: ASTM A36 (ASTM) (ASTM A36/A36M-19 Table A) vs SS400 (JIS)
| Element | ASTM A36 (ASTM) | SS400 (JIS) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0–0.26% | — | — |
| Si | 0–0.4% | — | — |
| Mn | 0–1.03% | — | — |
| P | 0–0.04% | — | — |
| S | 0–0.05% | — | — |
| Cu | ≥ 0.2% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
General
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 400–550 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 250 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 20 | % |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 200 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 7.85 | g/cm3 |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| normalizing | 899–954 °C | air | — | Refines grain structure |
| annealing | 843–871 °C | furnace | — | Softens and improves ductility |
| stress_relief | 677–927 °C | furnace | — | After welding or cold working |
Compatibility verdict
ASTM A36 and SS400: 88% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
S355JR
1.0045High-strength low-alloy structural steel with minimum yield strength of 355 MPa. Standard grade for bridges, buildings, cranes, and general structural applications. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).
S690QL
1.8928High-strength quenched and tempered fine-grain structural steel with minimum yield strength of 690 MPa. Used for heavily loaded structures like mobile cranes, mining equipment, bridges, and pressure vessels.
S275JR
1.0044Medium-strength structural steel with minimum yield strength of 275 MPa. Bridges the gap between S235JR and S355JR. Used for general structural applications, lattice towers, masts, and light crane components. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).
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