C45
1.0503Medium carbon unalloyed quality steel. Good machinability and moderate strength after heat treatment. Widely used for shafts, spindles, pins, studs, and general machine parts.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 | AISI | USA | AISI 1045 | G10450 | REF |
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | C45 | 1.0503 | 100% |
| 🇯🇵 | JIS | Japan | S45C | — | 98% |
| 🇬🇧 | BS | United Kingdom | 080M46 / EN8 | — | 96% |
| 🇨🇳 | GB | China | 45 | — | 95% |
Sources: ASTM A29, EN 10083-2:2006, JIS G4051, BS 970, GB/T 699
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: C45 (EN) (EN 10083-2:2006) vs AISI 1045 (AISI) (ASTM A29)
| Element | C45 (EN) | AISI 1045 (AISI) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.42–0.5% | 0.43–0.5% | OK |
| Si | 0–0.4% | — | — |
| Mn | 0.5–0.8% | 0.6–0.9% | Partial ⚠️ AISI upper limit 0.1% higher |
| P | 0–0.03% | 0–0.04% | OK |
| S | 0–0.035% | 0–0.05% | OK |
| Cr | 0–0.4% | — | — |
| Mo | 0–0.1% | — | — |
| Ni | 0–0.4% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
QT
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 630–780 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 370 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 16 | % |
| Hardness HB | 190–230 | HB |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 210 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 7.85 | g/cm3 |
Normalized
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 580–660 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 305 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 16 | % |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| normalizing | 840–880 °C | air | min 2 min per mm | — |
| quenching | 820–860 °C | water | min 30 min | Oil quenching for larger sections |
| tempering | 550–660 °C | air | min 60 min | — |
| annealing | 650–700 °C | furnace | Several hours | Soft annealing |
Compatibility verdict
C45 and AISI 1045: 97% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical. Critical differences: C range (0.42–0.5 vs 0.43–0.5), Mn range (0.5–0.8 vs 0.6–0.9), P range (0–0.03 vs 0–0.04), S range (0–0.035 vs 0–0.05).
For dual certification, melt must hit: C 0.43–0.5, Mn 0.6–0.8, P 0–0.03, S 0–0.035
Related materials
S355JR
1.0045High-strength low-alloy structural steel with minimum yield strength of 355 MPa. Standard grade for bridges, buildings, cranes, and general structural applications. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).
S690QL
1.8928High-strength quenched and tempered fine-grain structural steel with minimum yield strength of 690 MPa. Used for heavily loaded structures like mobile cranes, mining equipment, bridges, and pressure vessels.
S275JR
1.0044Medium-strength structural steel with minimum yield strength of 275 MPa. Bridges the gap between S235JR and S355JR. Used for general structural applications, lattice towers, masts, and light crane components. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).
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