GFRP / GFK (Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy)
Glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite — the cost-effective structural composite for industrial, marine and construction applications. E-glass fiber in epoxy matrix. Unidirectional: UTS ~1000 MPa, E ~40 GPa. Quasi-isotropic layup: UTS ~300 MPa, E ~18 GPa. Density 1.8–2.1 g/cm³. Electrically insulating (unlike CFRP). Used for boat hulls, wind turbine blades, chemical tanks/pipes, architectural panels, ladders, gratings, automotive body panels and electrical insulation structures.
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: GFRP / GFK (Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy) (COMPOSITION) (ISO 14130) vs ASTM
| Element | GFRP / GFK (Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy) (COMPOSITION) | ASTM | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epoxy Resin Matrix | 30–45% | — | — |
| Glass Fiber Reinforcement | 55–70% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
UD 0° (Unidirectional)
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 900–1100 | MPa |
UD 0°
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Modulus | 38–45 | GPa |
Quasi-Isotropic Layup
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 250–350 | MPa |
| Tensile Modulus | 16–20 | GPa |
General
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.8–2.1 | g/cm³ |
| Fiber Volume Fraction | 50–65 | % |
| Glass Transition Temp (Tg) | 120–180 | °C |
| Water Absorption (24h) | 0.05–0.15 | % |
Related materials
EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber)
Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber — THE outdoor/weather elastomer. Saturated backbone gives outstanding ozone, UV, and weathering resistance. Excellent resistance to steam, hot water, and polar solvents. NOT resistant to oils/fuels (opposite of NBR). Good electrical insulation. ρ 0.85-1.3 (lightest common rubber). Used for automotive door/window seals, roofing membranes, radiator hoses, HVAC gaskets, and pond liners.
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber (CFRP)
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy — the benchmark structural composite material. Unidirectional ply: tensile strength 1500–2000 MPa, modulus 120–150 GPa at density 1.55 g/cm³ (5x stronger than steel at 1/5 the weight). Quasi-isotropic layup: UTS ~600 MPa, E ~50 GPa. Autoclave-cured prepreg (aerospace) or infusion/RTM (industrial). Used in aerospace primary structures (fuselage, wings), Formula 1 chassis, bicycle frames, wind turbine blades, pressure vessels (Type IV) and high-end sporting goods. Fiber types: T300, T700, T800, M40J, M55J.
FKM (Fluoroelastomer / Viton)
Fluoroelastomer — THE high-temperature and chemical-resistant rubber. Outstanding resistance to oils, fuels, acids, and solvents at temperatures up to 200°C (short-term 230°C). Fluorine content (64-70%) determines chemical resistance. Trade names: Viton (Chemours), Tecnoflon (Solvay), Dai-El (Daikin). 5-10x more expensive than NBR. Used for aerospace fuel seals, chemical process seals, automotive fuel injector O-rings, semiconductor processing, and any seal exposed to aggressive chemicals at high temperature.
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