Monel 400
2.4360Nickel-copper alloy with excellent resistance to seawater, hydrofluoric acid, and alkaline environments. One of the few alloys resistant to HF acid at all concentrations. Used for marine engineering, chemical processing, oil refinery piping, and valve/pump components.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 | ASTM | USA | UNS N04400 | N04400 | REF |
| 🇺🇸 | UNS | USA | N04400 | N04400 | REF |
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | NiCu30Fe | 2.4360 | 100% |
| 🇩🇪 | DIN | Germany | NiCu30Fe | 2.4360 | 95% |
Sources: ASTM B127, ASTM B164, DIN 17743
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: Monel 400 (ASTM) (ASTM B127) vs NiCu30Fe (DIN)
| Element | Monel 400 (ASTM) | NiCu30Fe (DIN) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0–0.3% | — | — |
| Si | 0–0.5% | — | — |
| Mn | 0–2% | — | — |
| S | 0–0.024% | — | — |
| Ni | ≥ 63% | — | — |
| Cu | 28–34% | — | — |
| Fe | 0–2.5% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Annealed
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 480 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 170 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 35 | % |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 179 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 8.8 | g/cm3 |
Annealed
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 480–585 | MPa |
| Yield Strength Rp0.2 | 172–276 | MPa |
| Elongation A | 35–50 | % |
| Hardness HB | 110–150 | HB |
Cold worked
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 655–860 | MPa |
| Yield Strength Rp0.2 | 380–620 | MPa |
General
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.8 | g/cm³ |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| annealing | 870–980 °C | air | 30-60 min | Cannot be precipitation hardened — solid solution only |
Compatibility verdict
Monel 400 and NiCu30Fe: 95% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
Hastelloy C-22
2.4602Improved version of Hastelloy C-276 with better resistance to oxidizing media and higher chromium. Considered the most versatile Ni-Cr-Mo alloy for chemical processing. Resists both oxidizing and reducing acids, chlorides, and mixed media. Used for flue gas desulfurization, pharmaceutical, and universal chemical processing.
Alloy 20 / Carpenter 20
2.4660Austenitic Ni-Fe-Cr alloy specifically developed for sulfuric acid resistance. Nb-stabilized against sensitization. Cu addition gives outstanding resistance to H2SO4 at all concentrations up to 80%. Used for sulfuric acid piping, heat exchangers, mixing tanks, pickling equipment, and pharmaceutical processing.
Nimonic 80A
2.4952Nickel-chromium age-hardenable alloy with Ti + Al for gamma-prime strengthening. Developed originally for gas turbine blades. Good creep resistance to ~700°C. Used for exhaust valves, springs at elevated temperatures, nuclear engineering fasteners, and gas turbine components. ≈ UNS N07080.
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