PPE/PPO (Noryl)
Polyphenylene Ether/Oxide — an amorphous engineering thermoplastic. Pure PPO is too brittle and difficult to process, so commercial grades are always blends with polystyrene, HIPS, or polyamide, sold under the Noryl brand (invented by General Electric in the 1960s, now owned by SABIC). Outstanding dimensional stability, low moisture absorption (<0.1%), excellent electrical insulation properties, inherent flame retardancy. Service temperature up to 105°C (unmodified) or higher with glass fiber reinforcement. Typical applications: automotive instrument panels, electrical enclosures, water pumps, solar junction boxes, 5G telecom components, fuel cell plates.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 1043 | INT | PPE | — | REF | |
| ISO 1043 | INT | PPO | — | 100% | |
| 🇺🇸 | ASTM D4349 | USA | PPE | — | 100% |
Mechanical properties — Pro
Typical
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ||
| Tensile Strength | ||
| Elastic Modulus | ||
| Elongation | ||
| hdt_1.8mpa | ||
| impact_kv | ||
| Water Absorption (24h) |
Blend Dependent
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Glass Transition Temp (Tg) |
Service Range
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Continuous Use Temp |
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EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber)
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Epoxy/Carbon Fiber (CFRP)
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy — the benchmark structural composite material. Unidirectional ply: tensile strength 1500–2000 MPa, modulus 120–150 GPa at density 1.55 g/cm³ (5x stronger than steel at 1/5 the weight). Quasi-isotropic layup: UTS ~600 MPa, E ~50 GPa. Autoclave-cured prepreg (aerospace) or infusion/RTM (industrial). Used in aerospace primary structures (fuselage, wings), Formula 1 chassis, bicycle frames, wind turbine blades, pressure vessels (Type IV) and high-end sporting goods. Fiber types: T300, T700, T800, M40J, M55J.
FKM (Fluoroelastomer / Viton)
Fluoroelastomer — THE high-temperature and chemical-resistant rubber. Outstanding resistance to oils, fuels, acids, and solvents at temperatures up to 200°C (short-term 230°C). Fluorine content (64-70%) determines chemical resistance. Trade names: Viton (Chemours), Tecnoflon (Solvay), Dai-El (Daikin). 5-10x more expensive than NBR. Used for aerospace fuel seals, chemical process seals, automotive fuel injector O-rings, semiconductor processing, and any seal exposed to aggressive chemicals at high temperature.
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