Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5)
3.7164The most widely used titanium alloy — accounts for ~50% of all titanium production. Alpha-beta alloy with exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. Used for jet engine components, airframe structures, medical implants (hip/knee), fasteners, and racing components. Biocompatible.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 | UNS | USA | R56400 | R56400 | REF |
| 🇺🇸 | ASTM | USA | Grade 5 / UNS R56400 | R56400 | REF |
| 🇺🇸 | AMS | USA | AMS 4911 | — | 100% |
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | TiAl6V4 | 3.7164 | 100% |
| 🇯🇵 | JIS | Japan | TAB6400 | — | 98% |
| 🇩🇪 | DIN | Germany | TiAl6V4 | 3.7165 | 95% |
| 🇷🇺 | GOST | Russia | VT6 | — | 93% |
Sources: ASTM B348, ASTM B265, AMS 4911, EN 3468, JIS H4600, DIN 17851, GOST 19807
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) (ASTM) (ASTM B265) vs TAB6400 (JIS)
| Element | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) (ASTM) | TAB6400 (JIS) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0–0.08% | — | — |
| V | 3.5–4.5% | — | — |
| Al | 5.5–6.75% | — | — |
| Ti | — | — | — |
| N | 0–0.05% | — | — |
| Fe | 0–0.3% | — | — |
| O | 0–0.2% | — | — |
| H | 0–0.015% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Annealed
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 895 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 828 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 10 | % |
| Hardness HRC | 30–36 | HRC |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 114 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 4.43 | g/cm3 |
STA
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 1100 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 1000 | MPa |
Annealed
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 895 | MPa |
| Yield Strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 828 | MPa |
| Elongation A | ≥ 10 | % |
STA
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 1035–1100 | MPa |
| Yield Strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 965 | MPa |
General
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 4.43 | g/cm³ |
| Elastic Modulus | 114 | GPa |
| Beta Transus | 995 | °C |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| annealing | 700–790 °C | air | 1-4 hours | Mill anneal. Air cool or furnace cool. |
| Mill annealing | 700–785 °C | Air/Furnace | — | Hold 1-4h, air cool |
| solution_treating | 920–970 °C | water | 1 hour | Solution treat + age (STA) for maximum strength |
| Solution treatment | 955–970 °C | Water quench | — | Below beta transus, hold 1h, WQ |
| Aging | 480–595 °C | Air | — | Hold 4-8h after solution treatment, air cool |
| aging | 480–595 °C | air | 4-8 hours | Aging after solution treatment. 540°C/4h typical |
| stress_relief | 480–650 °C | air | 1-4 hours | After machining or forming. Do not exceed beta transus (~995°C) |
Compatibility verdict
Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) and TAB6400: 98% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
Titanium Grade 1
3.7025The softest and most ductile commercially pure titanium grade. Lowest O content (0.18% max) for maximum formability. Used for plate heat exchangers, chemical plant vessels, explosive cladding, deep-drawn parts, and anodizing applications. Lower strength than Grade 2 but superior formability.
Titanium Grade 4
3.7065The strongest commercially pure titanium grade. Highest oxygen content (0.40% max) for maximum strength among CP grades. UTS min 550 MPa — approaches some Ti alloys. Used for airframe skins, marine hardware, surgical implants, and chemical plant components requiring higher strength than Grade 2.
Ti Grade 9 / Ti-3Al-2.5V
3.7195Medium-strength alpha-beta titanium alloy — the standard for seamless tubing. 50% stronger than CP Grade 2 with better cold formability than Ti-6Al-4V. The go-to alloy for hydraulic tubing in aerospace and bicycle frames. Used for aircraft hydraulic lines, offshore risers, and sporting goods.
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