31NiCrMo14
Heavy-duty NiCrMo quenched & tempered steel with high Ni (3.0-3.5%) — maximum hardenability in the QT range. UTS 1100-1300 MPa. Used for the most heavily loaded shafts, crankshafts, and structural components where 34CrNiMo6 hardenability is insufficient. Large cross-sections up to 250mm. Aerospace landing gear, heavy mining equipment, and large hydraulic press components.
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: 31NiCrMo14 (EN) (EN 10083-3) vs ASTM
| Element | 31NiCrMo14 (EN) | ASTM | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.27–0.34% | — | — |
| Si | 0–0.4% | — | — |
| Mn | 0.4–0.7% | — | — |
| Cr | 0.8–1.1% | — | — |
| Mo | 0.15–0.25% | — | — |
| Ni | 3–3.5% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
QT
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 1100–1300 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | 850–1050 | MPa |
| Elongation | 9–12 | % |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 210 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 7.85 | g/cm3 |
Related materials
50CrV4
1.8160Chromium-vanadium spring/tool steel — identical alloy system to 51CrV4 (1.8159) but recognized as a separate grade in some standards. Dual use: heavy-duty springs (EN 10089) AND cold work tools (knives, shear blades). V improves temper resistance and grain refinement. UTS 1200-1500 QT. Used for heavy leaf springs, stabilizer bars, torsion bars, and cold work cutting tools.
51CrMoV4
1.7701CrMoV alloyed spring steel — THE European automotive suspension spring material. CrMo gives deep hardenability for large coil springs, V adds grain refinement and secondary hardening for fatigue resistance. UTS 1350-1600 MPa QT. Used for hot-formed coil springs (cars, trucks), leaf springs, torsion bars, and stabilizer bars. Excellent sag resistance to 200°C.
20MnCr5
1.7147Manganese-chromium case-hardening steel with higher core strength than 16MnCr5. Used for heavily loaded gears, shafts, camshafts, and transmission components requiring high surface hardness with tough core. Popular in automotive and heavy machinery.
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